Full inflection tables for biconsonantal (hollow) roots in the Qal Perfect.
The middle vowel letter (ו or י) characterizes all forms.
| Person | Form | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 3ms | קָם | Qamets under R1; shureq (long ū) → shortens to qamets hatuf in some analyses; usually transcribed qam |
| 3fs | קָ֫מָה | Qamets under R1 + ָה- ending |
| 2ms | קַ֫מְתָּ | Patach under R1; no middle vowel letter in suffix forms |
| 2fs | קַ֫מְתְּ | |
| 1cs | קַ֫מְתִּי | |
| 3cp | קָ֫מוּ | Qamets + -וּ |
| 2mp | קַמְתֶּם | Patach |
| 2fp | קַמְתֶּן | |
| 1cp | קַ֫מְנוּ | Patach |
Key: In the 3ms/3fs/3cp, the form shows qamets under R1 alone — there is no R2
consonant to follow it. In suffix forms (2ms, 1cs, 2mp, etc.), the middle vowel disappears
entirely and patach stands under R1.
| Person | Form | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 3ms | שָׁב | Qamets under ש; no shureq in the perfect 3ms (contrast imperfect) |
| 3fs | שָׁ֫בָה | Qamets + ָה- |
| 2ms | שַׁ֫בְתָּ | Patach under ש in suffix forms |
| 2fs | שַׁ֫בְתְּ | |
| 1cs | שַׁ֫בְתִּי | |
| 3cp | שָׁ֫בוּ | Qamets + -וּ |
| 2mp | שַׁבְתֶּם | |
| 1cp | שַׁ֫בְנוּ |
| Person | Form | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 3ms | בָּא | Qamets under ב; aleph at R3 (III-א + Biconsonantal) |
| 3fs | בָּ֫אָה | Qamets + aleph + ָה- |
| 2ms | בָּ֫את | Qamets + aleph + ת (R3 aleph merges with ת suffix) |
| 2fs | בָּ֫את | Same as 2ms (monosyllabic) |
| 1cs | בָּ֫אתִי | |
| 3cp | בָּ֫אוּ | Qamets + aleph + -וּ |
| 2mp | בָּ֫אתֶם | |
| 1cp | בָּ֫אנוּ |
Note on בּוֹא: This root is both biconsonantal and III-א. The aleph at R3 is present
throughout the paradigm but largely silent (quiescent). The forms are highly regular once
this is understood.
| Person | Strong (קָטַל) | Bicons. (קָם) | Bicons. (שָׁב) | Bicons. (בָּא) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3ms | קָטַל | קָם | שָׁב | בָּא |
| 3fs | קָטְלָה | קָמָה | שָׁבָה | בָּאָה |
| 2ms | קָטַלְתָּ | קַמְתָּ | שַׁבְתָּ | בָּאתָ |
| 2fs | קָטַלְתְּ | קַמְתְּ | שַׁבְתְּ | בָּאת |
| 1cs | קָטַלְתִּי | קַמְתִּי | שַׁבְתִּי | בָּאתִי |
| 3cp | קָטְלוּ | קָמוּ | שָׁבוּ | בָּאוּ |
| 2mp | קְטַלְתֶּם | קַמְתֶּם | שַׁבְתֶּם | בָּאתֶם |
| 1cp | קָטַלְנוּ | קַמְנוּ | שַׁבְנוּ | בָּאנוּ |
Summary: The 3ms/3fs/3cp forms are monosyllabic (one consonant + one vowel).
Suffix forms add a patach under R1 and attach the normal suffix consonants directly.
There is no R2 consonant visible in any form.